History Making Aircraft
Aircraft was first discovered by. Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright. Both are known as the Wright bersaudara.Wilbur Wright was born in 1867 in the town of Millville, Indiana. Orville Wright - his sister - was born in 1871 in the city of Dayton, Ohio. The two boys are sitting in college but none earn a diploma. Both have a flair for mechanics, and both are interested in the problems of human fly into the air. The siblings are fun to pursue the works of other aeronautik enthusiasts such as Otto Lilienthal, Octave Chanute and Samuel P. Langley. In 1899 they began working toward his own flight. In December 1903, after four years of hard work for less, the results of his efforts with great success. (Michael H. Hart, 1978).
One may wonder to the Wright brothers were able to create performance that failed to do others. There are several reasons that make them successful. First, two heads are certainly more effective than one head. Wright brothers always worked together and tunjang-support with very harmonious and perfect. Second, they deftly took the decision that they first learned how to fly before trying to make the plane. At first blush it seemed contrary to the public according to size: how can learn to fly if no airplane? The answer is, the Wright brothers learned to fly by using gliders. First they observe the workings of the kite, then the launcher. The next year they bring the glider to the large size of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, is sufficient to be boarded and can lift a human being. The aircraft is attempted. It seems that the results are not encouraging. They make gliders and try to complete in 1901 and was followed by fabrication in 1902. The third glider is a combination of various important discoveries them. Some of the basic patent, used in 1903, relating to the glider was flying the plane rather than their first. Regarding the three gliders that they have more than a thousand times taking off successfully. Both Wright brothers had a glider pilot's best and most experienced in the world before they begin to make aircraft engine. (Michael H. Hart, 1978).
Experience on the air with a glider is at the core of their third success is very important. Many people who previously had tried to make the plane had a major concern how the creation took off. Wright brothers rightly realized that the main problem is how to keep an eye on after the plane was in the air. Therefore, most of the time and attention they shed on the matter of how to achieve stability when the aircraft is flying. They managed to create three types of basic tools to monitor the aircraft, and this is what makes them successful in the show.
The Wright brothers also made important contributions in terms of wing design. They are aware, data that have been published previously, could not hold onto. Therefore they create their own halls of the wind and tried against more than two thousand forms of the wing surface. The main core of this experiment is, the two brothers were able to make his own chart, elaborated on the air pressure on the wing depending on the shape of the wing. This information is then used in the manufacture of aircraft wings each.
The first flight carried out on 17 December 1903 at Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Each of the two brothers made two flights on that day. The first flight, which carried Orville Wright lasted 12 seconds and reaches a distance of 120 feet. Last flight, Wilbur Wright made, lasts 59 seconds and reaches a height of 852 feet. The plane which they named Flyer I (now known by the nickname Kitty Hawk) eat the cost of manufacture is less than 1000 dollars. The plane had a wing 40 feet long and weighs about 750 pounds, measuring 12-horsepower engine, weighing only 170 pounds. The original aircraft is now stored neatly in the Air and Space Museum Washington DC
After their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers returned to his hometown in Dayton. There, they design and make the second plane, Flyer II. With this second plane that they do 105 times a flight in 1904 without attracting public attention altogether. Flyer III airplane that has been refined and made more practical in 1905. Although they are many times the air near the city of Dayton, many people still do not believe that such thing as an airplane was born in the world. In the year 1906 - for example - newspapers Paris edition of The Herald Tribune article titled lower Flyer or Liars? (Flight or pengibulan?).
In 1908 they were finally swept clean of all indecision and general distrust. Wilbur Wright flew the plane to France, make a demonstration of acrobatics in the air and organizing a company to market their creations. Meanwhile, in the United States, Orville Wright presents similar performances. (Michael H. Hart, 1978).
Compared to cars and ships, aircraft belonging to the most elaborate modes of transport. Aircraft need to be body, wings and engines to be able to guarantee the air. However, how the flying process happened, probably many of us still do not understand. How could that happen?
B. How Can Fly Aircraft
We are fortunate to live in today. Therefore, to understand it is not as complicated as the Wright Brothers attempt to reveal it. Simply refer to the position of the wing section and follow where the work force.
To understand this we must understand that there are 4 forces acting on the aircraft during the flight lift force (LIFT) or upward force, gravity (WEIGHT) or down force, subsequent forward force (thrust) and the backward force (DRAG). The following two styles can be easily understood. Gravity (WEIGHT) work pulling things back to earth, for example if we threw rocks at the top then it will fall. Furthermore, when we ride a bike, it feels the resistance of the front. (Yan Fajar Anwar, 2006).
There are two other forces acting on the aircraft during the air that is LIFT and thrust both of which are key to flight. These forces by aircraft designers and calculated to overcome DRAG WEIGHT. Lift (LIFT) is generated by the wing surfaces are designed so that air pressure above the surface is smaller than bagiah below. Other styles that work to keep the planes remain in the air that is thrust. This style is pulled towards the front of the plane, this style is usually obtained from round the propeller (PROPELLER) machinery or drive a jet engine. Advanced style (thrust) and lift (LIFT) will work in tandem to pull the plane towards the front and leave the land. (Yan Fajar Anwar, 2006).
The wings, however, is the most important part that could take him flying. Aerofoil-shaped cross section, is designed in such a way that will cause a lift if it is forced forward quickly. How can that be, not difficult to understand. All this is related to Bernoulli's law had been taught in junior high school. When the air flow through cross section from front to back, there will be a different air compression at the top and bottom. At a certain speed and angle of the wing will appear lift or elevator. Body aircraft would be on the air because of the style adopted is greater than gravity (weight). Up to certain limits, the elevator will rise so the speed and angle of the wing enlarged. Wing angle, is the angle between the lateral lines with the horizontal position of the earth. In the world of aviation, the angle is commonly known as the angle of attack. (Www.angkasa-online.com.)
In addition to the lift and weight, two other forces acting on an aircraft is thrust (thrust) and drag (drag). Thrust can be regulated by "playing" spin the driving engine. When the thrust began to exceed the weight, the aircraft will begin rolling on the runway. Well, it lifts up and the amount exceeds the drag, the plane was airborne. In the air, the plane can be made to climb further by enlarging the angle of attack. But once the angle of attack is made larger than its maximum limit, the aircraft will immediately lose lift. He will then soon fall like a leaf. This process is commonly called a stall. How big is the angle of attack is very depending on the type of aircraft. Similarly, the initial thrust of which can create lift. The larger aircraft will increasingly demanded greater thrust. (Www.angkasa-online.com.).
The aircraft can fly in all directions, waiting for a pilot steering motion. When the wheel rotated to the left, the plane will be banking to the left. And vice versa. The movement is determined blades wingtip ailerons on both the primary. Then, if the left or right pedal stepped on, the plane will move forward to the left or right. In this case the move is the rudder blade. Upright position in the rear wing (the tail). In contrast, if the handle steering on the pull or encouraged. The aircraft will climb or dive. Determinants of this movement is the elevator trim-tab is located on both the horizontal tail wing blades. (Www.angkasa-online.com.).
C. Aviation Resources
Aviation requires two aspects namely tools and human resources. Which includes equipment such as airplanes, airports, navigation tools, and several other facilities and infrastructure. The first aspect of this can be met within a relatively short time by buying or building it. From both aspects, aspects of the resource is people who play a major role, because it is definitely without the human resources that this equipment may not exist or could not operate.
All agreed, educational institutions and pelatihanlah which is a provider of human resources. Human resources of this institution who are born able to create hardware and flight software, methods of implementation and management of the aviation business, or the legal system is another side of aviation. Human resources for the flight include:
1. Aeronautics / Aviation Engineering.
Aeronautical Study Program (AE) aims to prepare and produce skilled human resources and ready to work as an aircraft maintenance expert (Aircraft Maintenance Engineer) who meet the qualifications to work in companies of national and international civil aviation.
To qualify as demanded as an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer, the curriculum is organized by Aeronautical Studies Program refers to the needs of the market (in the civil aviation company) and in accordance with civil aviation safety regulations (Civil Aviation Safety Regulations / CARS). With the curriculum, then the cadets / students Aerounautika Studies Program can take the exam Aircraft Engineer Lincence maintence from Directorate General of Civil Aviation Affairs. Exams are held in STTKD. Prodi has Aerounautika concentration: a / c Airframe, power plant, avionics system.
2. Manejemen Air Transportation
Manejemen airline has the task to organize and plan the airline, set up the Air Transportation System in accordance with the development tehnologipenerbangan.
MTU STTKD studu program aims to form a skilled mid-level that will work in the service industry firms airlines, Airport Management Company, Corporate Aviation, Ground Handling Service Company, the Bureau of Travel Services, Air Cargo Service Company and does not cover work kemungkingkinan in government.
The curriculum is based on the tasks at units Airline and Airport Management to the National and International standards. In a study of the MTU of the Youth Program provided sciences Knowledge of: Airline, airport management company, handling both in Pasasi Ground Handling and the Ramp Area and Aircraft Handling, Passenger Handling methods and goods are transported through the Aircraft, Planning Product Marketing and Corporate Aviation, Air Cargo Handling. Safety and Security at the Airport, Immigration, Customs, Quarantine, plus the basic science that supports the work such as English, Computer Accounting, Statistics and Economics.
3. Ground Handling
Ground Handling (GH) or a flight attendant is auatu employment land in order to prepare for departure and arrival of aircraft at the airport.
Ground Handling Services for the purpose of departure and arrival of passengers, baggage, cargo and postal mail (mail) by using the aircraft baerjalan safe, smooth and comfortable.
Ground Handling jobs include some coverage of the subject, among others.
- Procedures arrival and departure of passengers and baggage,
- Departure and arrival of cargo mail
- Departure and arrival of aircraft
One may wonder to the Wright brothers were able to create performance that failed to do others. There are several reasons that make them successful. First, two heads are certainly more effective than one head. Wright brothers always worked together and tunjang-support with very harmonious and perfect. Second, they deftly took the decision that they first learned how to fly before trying to make the plane. At first blush it seemed contrary to the public according to size: how can learn to fly if no airplane? The answer is, the Wright brothers learned to fly by using gliders. First they observe the workings of the kite, then the launcher. The next year they bring the glider to the large size of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, is sufficient to be boarded and can lift a human being. The aircraft is attempted. It seems that the results are not encouraging. They make gliders and try to complete in 1901 and was followed by fabrication in 1902. The third glider is a combination of various important discoveries them. Some of the basic patent, used in 1903, relating to the glider was flying the plane rather than their first. Regarding the three gliders that they have more than a thousand times taking off successfully. Both Wright brothers had a glider pilot's best and most experienced in the world before they begin to make aircraft engine. (Michael H. Hart, 1978).
Experience on the air with a glider is at the core of their third success is very important. Many people who previously had tried to make the plane had a major concern how the creation took off. Wright brothers rightly realized that the main problem is how to keep an eye on after the plane was in the air. Therefore, most of the time and attention they shed on the matter of how to achieve stability when the aircraft is flying. They managed to create three types of basic tools to monitor the aircraft, and this is what makes them successful in the show.
The Wright brothers also made important contributions in terms of wing design. They are aware, data that have been published previously, could not hold onto. Therefore they create their own halls of the wind and tried against more than two thousand forms of the wing surface. The main core of this experiment is, the two brothers were able to make his own chart, elaborated on the air pressure on the wing depending on the shape of the wing. This information is then used in the manufacture of aircraft wings each.
The first flight carried out on 17 December 1903 at Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Each of the two brothers made two flights on that day. The first flight, which carried Orville Wright lasted 12 seconds and reaches a distance of 120 feet. Last flight, Wilbur Wright made, lasts 59 seconds and reaches a height of 852 feet. The plane which they named Flyer I (now known by the nickname Kitty Hawk) eat the cost of manufacture is less than 1000 dollars. The plane had a wing 40 feet long and weighs about 750 pounds, measuring 12-horsepower engine, weighing only 170 pounds. The original aircraft is now stored neatly in the Air and Space Museum Washington DC
After their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers returned to his hometown in Dayton. There, they design and make the second plane, Flyer II. With this second plane that they do 105 times a flight in 1904 without attracting public attention altogether. Flyer III airplane that has been refined and made more practical in 1905. Although they are many times the air near the city of Dayton, many people still do not believe that such thing as an airplane was born in the world. In the year 1906 - for example - newspapers Paris edition of The Herald Tribune article titled lower Flyer or Liars? (Flight or pengibulan?).
In 1908 they were finally swept clean of all indecision and general distrust. Wilbur Wright flew the plane to France, make a demonstration of acrobatics in the air and organizing a company to market their creations. Meanwhile, in the United States, Orville Wright presents similar performances. (Michael H. Hart, 1978).
Compared to cars and ships, aircraft belonging to the most elaborate modes of transport. Aircraft need to be body, wings and engines to be able to guarantee the air. However, how the flying process happened, probably many of us still do not understand. How could that happen?
B. How Can Fly Aircraft
We are fortunate to live in today. Therefore, to understand it is not as complicated as the Wright Brothers attempt to reveal it. Simply refer to the position of the wing section and follow where the work force.
To understand this we must understand that there are 4 forces acting on the aircraft during the flight lift force (LIFT) or upward force, gravity (WEIGHT) or down force, subsequent forward force (thrust) and the backward force (DRAG). The following two styles can be easily understood. Gravity (WEIGHT) work pulling things back to earth, for example if we threw rocks at the top then it will fall. Furthermore, when we ride a bike, it feels the resistance of the front. (Yan Fajar Anwar, 2006).
There are two other forces acting on the aircraft during the air that is LIFT and thrust both of which are key to flight. These forces by aircraft designers and calculated to overcome DRAG WEIGHT. Lift (LIFT) is generated by the wing surfaces are designed so that air pressure above the surface is smaller than bagiah below. Other styles that work to keep the planes remain in the air that is thrust. This style is pulled towards the front of the plane, this style is usually obtained from round the propeller (PROPELLER) machinery or drive a jet engine. Advanced style (thrust) and lift (LIFT) will work in tandem to pull the plane towards the front and leave the land. (Yan Fajar Anwar, 2006).
The wings, however, is the most important part that could take him flying. Aerofoil-shaped cross section, is designed in such a way that will cause a lift if it is forced forward quickly. How can that be, not difficult to understand. All this is related to Bernoulli's law had been taught in junior high school. When the air flow through cross section from front to back, there will be a different air compression at the top and bottom. At a certain speed and angle of the wing will appear lift or elevator. Body aircraft would be on the air because of the style adopted is greater than gravity (weight). Up to certain limits, the elevator will rise so the speed and angle of the wing enlarged. Wing angle, is the angle between the lateral lines with the horizontal position of the earth. In the world of aviation, the angle is commonly known as the angle of attack. (Www.angkasa-online.com.)
In addition to the lift and weight, two other forces acting on an aircraft is thrust (thrust) and drag (drag). Thrust can be regulated by "playing" spin the driving engine. When the thrust began to exceed the weight, the aircraft will begin rolling on the runway. Well, it lifts up and the amount exceeds the drag, the plane was airborne. In the air, the plane can be made to climb further by enlarging the angle of attack. But once the angle of attack is made larger than its maximum limit, the aircraft will immediately lose lift. He will then soon fall like a leaf. This process is commonly called a stall. How big is the angle of attack is very depending on the type of aircraft. Similarly, the initial thrust of which can create lift. The larger aircraft will increasingly demanded greater thrust. (Www.angkasa-online.com.).
The aircraft can fly in all directions, waiting for a pilot steering motion. When the wheel rotated to the left, the plane will be banking to the left. And vice versa. The movement is determined blades wingtip ailerons on both the primary. Then, if the left or right pedal stepped on, the plane will move forward to the left or right. In this case the move is the rudder blade. Upright position in the rear wing (the tail). In contrast, if the handle steering on the pull or encouraged. The aircraft will climb or dive. Determinants of this movement is the elevator trim-tab is located on both the horizontal tail wing blades. (Www.angkasa-online.com.).
C. Aviation Resources
Aviation requires two aspects namely tools and human resources. Which includes equipment such as airplanes, airports, navigation tools, and several other facilities and infrastructure. The first aspect of this can be met within a relatively short time by buying or building it. From both aspects, aspects of the resource is people who play a major role, because it is definitely without the human resources that this equipment may not exist or could not operate.
All agreed, educational institutions and pelatihanlah which is a provider of human resources. Human resources of this institution who are born able to create hardware and flight software, methods of implementation and management of the aviation business, or the legal system is another side of aviation. Human resources for the flight include:
1. Aeronautics / Aviation Engineering.
Aeronautical Study Program (AE) aims to prepare and produce skilled human resources and ready to work as an aircraft maintenance expert (Aircraft Maintenance Engineer) who meet the qualifications to work in companies of national and international civil aviation.
To qualify as demanded as an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer, the curriculum is organized by Aeronautical Studies Program refers to the needs of the market (in the civil aviation company) and in accordance with civil aviation safety regulations (Civil Aviation Safety Regulations / CARS). With the curriculum, then the cadets / students Aerounautika Studies Program can take the exam Aircraft Engineer Lincence maintence from Directorate General of Civil Aviation Affairs. Exams are held in STTKD. Prodi has Aerounautika concentration: a / c Airframe, power plant, avionics system.
2. Manejemen Air Transportation
Manejemen airline has the task to organize and plan the airline, set up the Air Transportation System in accordance with the development tehnologipenerbangan.
MTU STTKD studu program aims to form a skilled mid-level that will work in the service industry firms airlines, Airport Management Company, Corporate Aviation, Ground Handling Service Company, the Bureau of Travel Services, Air Cargo Service Company and does not cover work kemungkingkinan in government.
The curriculum is based on the tasks at units Airline and Airport Management to the National and International standards. In a study of the MTU of the Youth Program provided sciences Knowledge of: Airline, airport management company, handling both in Pasasi Ground Handling and the Ramp Area and Aircraft Handling, Passenger Handling methods and goods are transported through the Aircraft, Planning Product Marketing and Corporate Aviation, Air Cargo Handling. Safety and Security at the Airport, Immigration, Customs, Quarantine, plus the basic science that supports the work such as English, Computer Accounting, Statistics and Economics.
3. Ground Handling
Ground Handling (GH) or a flight attendant is auatu employment land in order to prepare for departure and arrival of aircraft at the airport.
Ground Handling Services for the purpose of departure and arrival of passengers, baggage, cargo and postal mail (mail) by using the aircraft baerjalan safe, smooth and comfortable.
Ground Handling jobs include some coverage of the subject, among others.
- Procedures arrival and departure of passengers and baggage,
- Departure and arrival of cargo mail
- Departure and arrival of aircraft
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